A Reaction and Analysis of “Saving Grace” by Lee Smith

Lee Smith’s Saving Grace is a novel that features the story of Florida Grace Shepherd, a young Appalachian girl who is brought up in an environment that oppresses the rights and freedom of young women based on the expectations of its very religious nature. Grace, who is also the narrator of the story, tells her own tale about her quest for identity and freedom as well as her ultimate religious awakening. She shares her story as she goes through her childhood despising her father Virgil and the reality that unlike other children, she is growing with insufficient love and care from the people she expects to receive it. Grace’s childhood is bound by religious rules and codes since her father is their community's popular charismatic preacher and serpent handler. She is not free to do what other kids can do, and she is not even free to read anything except for the Bible. Grace and her siblings are not even allowed to read the newspaper as their father stresses that the only news they need to know about is the good news from the Holy Scripture (Smith, 2008). Grace also knows that she is an abused child. Aside from the insufficient affection she gets from home, she also suffers painful maltreatments from her father, whom she wants to respect and adore, but he treats her with coldness instead (Smith, 2008). Because of the absurd religious limitations that prevent her from doing what she wanted as a kid, and due to the agony that she suffered from the hands of her father acting as an honorable man, Grace grows up carrying a bitter resentment toward the home she grew up in. She also becomes pessimistic about the good possibilities in life, and she grows up envying everything that made other girls of her age happy (Smith, 2008). Smith's ability to capture the Appalachian way of life and the reality of growing up in an environment full of bizarre religious traditions has been highly regarded by her critics. Moreover, her ability to mold characters based on the known stereotypes in the society has also made her earn the admiration of critics and readers (Town, 2004). Saving Grace is seen by many as a work filled with symbolisms reflected in the names of the characters. Florida Grace Shepherd is in itself a name full of meanings. Florida is based on the place where Grace was born, while Grace stands for the Grace of God. Her last name, Shepherd, can be interpreted as a reminder of her family’s role as shepherds of their community since they represent the people's shepherd, Jesus, in the eyes of their neighbors (Town, 2004) However, while this is the popular impression about their family, Smith (2008) adds an inner conflict in Virgil’s character. Although considered as a sacred and honorable man, Virgil is inclined to bed a lot of women aside from his wife. He also seems to be incapable of controlling his emotions, particularly his bad temper and rage, which he often takes out on Grace. This sinner-saint conflict in Virgil’s character is the greatest confusion for Grace as well. Yet, despite this conflict on Virgil's personality and attitude, he is still able to win the respect of the people in their church because of his devotion and loyalty to what he preaches. Although he can be seen as a man with normal lustful desires, his ability to strengthen other people’s faith in the Lord remains unquestionable, making him respected despite his worldly sins. In the end, the readers would realize that the title of this novel completely explains Grace’s story. Aside from the fact that the story is indeed about saving the main protagonist from losing her faith and her strength to carry on with life, the title may also say that in all the obstacles and trials Grace faced, there is one saving grace which lifted her spirits up and made her hold on to her faith—her strong desire to repent, to change, and to believe that there is really a Supreme Being who governs and looks after her. The ending appears to be open-ended for the author does not clearly state how Grace chose to carry on with her life. However, as she wanted to start anew, it can be inferred that Grace has met her saving grace which made her realize that being doomed and oppressed for a long time can never be good reasons to give up; rather, they are valuable lessons she can carry with her on her journey to rebuild her new life.

Little Red Riding Hood Essay

In 1814 Gordon Bryson wrote a poem about the timelessness, and grace of a unnamed women. She walks in Beauty describes the inner and outer beauty of a women. Gordon Bryon was noted as a moral disgrace as he wedded his half sister, and various women (Clugston, 2010). In the lyric poem She walks in Beauty, Byron used metaphors like raven tress, and climes, and starry skies to describe her long jet black hair, and her elegance. A lyric poem is a brief poem that expresses feelings and imagination; its melody and emotion create a dominant, unified impression (Clugston, 2010). In this essay, I will explore how Bryson uses metaphors, and images like light, and darkness to set the tone in She walks in Beauty. In the first stanza in She walks in Beauty, lines one, and two â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night† does not ends with any puncuation, or pause at the end because it carries over to the next sentence â€Å"Of cloudless climes and starry skies† (Clugston, 2010, 7. 1, para 2). This technique is called enjambment. A enjambment is a continuation of a thought in a line of poetry into a succeeding line, uninterapped by punctuation (Clugston, 2010, 11. , para 2). Bryon expressed how ones beauty can be viewed on a clear night with stars lining the sky. His view of her beauty, and silhouette is cosmic. She walks in Beauty is a lyric poem which express a poets thoughts and imagination, Its melody and emotion created adominant, unified impression (Clugston, 2010). The images being created in the first six lines of She walks in Beauty suggests that a womens physical appearance is classic like a polished baby grand piano dark with shinny white keys â€Å"And all that’s best of dark and bright† (Clugston, 2010, 11. , para 5). The sixth, and seventh line in the poem emphasizes the similarities between light and dark to describe her elegance. at the end of tthe different forms of symbolism used to describe the first version of Little Red Riding Hood. In the first of She walks in Beauty The content in the original and remakes of this tale is constant in each one. The Little Red Riding Hood that I remembered reading when I was a small child was told as a young woman who was following the orders of her mother to deliver some baked goods to her bedridden grandmother. The role of the wolf is the same as well; he is merely thinking of a cunning way to eat her without being caught in the process. The theme of the original Little Red Riding Hood is a tale of her entering women hood, not her taking cakes to her sick grandmother. The term theme means a representation of the idea behind the story (Clugston, 2010, 7. 1, para 2). When the story was first published in 1697, Europeans easily identified the coalition of the story; translating that act of sex. â€Å"In the French slang, when a girl lost her virginity it was said that elle [a] vu le loup—she’d seen the wolf†(Clugston, 2010, 4. , para 2). In the engraving of the first tale from 1697, it shows Little Red Riding Hood partially dressed lying in the bed beneath a wolf. The tale explains how Little Red Riding Hood stripes out off her clothes at the wolves requested without question (Clugston, 2010, 4. 1, para 2). â€Å"In fact, tales such as â€Å"Red Riding Hood† and â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† were pan-European phenomena, predating even Perrault, with provenances tracing as far back as the Middle Ages and Ancient Greece. Nevertheless, Perrault’s influence on the transmission of fairy tales to many parts of the Continent was tremendous. Charles Perrault’s stories were not original creations, but collected oral material edited and fashioned by him into print† (Paradiz, 2009, p. 96). The story of Little Red Riding Hood as interpreted by Charles Perrault has Little Red Riding Hood being sent by her mother who loved her dearly to walk to the next village to deliver food to her ill grandmother. On the way to deliver the baked goods, she meets a wolf. A wolf who had not eaten in three days decides not to eat her, as there were woodcutters nearby that would hear the attack. While speaking with the wolf he tricks Little Red Riding Hood into disclosing the location of her grandmother’s cottage. As Little Red Riding Hood is a small child, the wolf took advance of her being a naive, and friendly. She disobeyed the cardinal rule that adults constantly reminders their child of: do not stop for, or talk to strangers (the irony of the story is that her mother does not tell her that speaking with strangers is wrong). The term irony is a discrepancy or contradiction that occurs between what is expected to happened and what actually happens in a situation or in an expressed statement (Clugston, 2010, 5. 5, para 3).

A Report Evaluating ICT and its Implementation for Distance Learners Essay

a) Evaluate how to maintain effective communication with your tutor. As this is a self-study course, the answer to this question is a little complex. Although there is an actual physical tutor to mark assignments and give feedback, a vital part of gaining a good grade on my assignments is to demonstrate my independent work ability with minimal guidance from my tutor1. Lessons are delivered via the online website, so in a sense the most important skill set necessary is to read, re-read, search the internet to understand any terms which aren’t clear, and then re-read again. There are two tutors on my course. I sent a note of introduction, stating who I am and giving a brief synopsis of why I am studying this course. Although I am sure that I will have study related questions to ask later, and possibly requests for more information regarding assignment feedback, I think that at the moment our communication falls within the bounds of regular courtesy. As the course progresses I think checking my messages regularly, respecting and listening to my t utors feedback, sending a note of acknowledgement on receipt of any messages, and perhaps if appropriate sending a note if I think there will be an unusual amount of delay in finishing the modules, are about as far as the bounds of the course allows for communication. b) Evaluate how technological tools will help you study. The first thing to establish here is what technological tools are both available and relevant to me as a distance learner. Essentially the only tools I will be using are my computer and the internet. My computer will be for collating information in my ePortfolio, writing essays, and accessing the internet. I have divided my ePorfolio into four sections: coursework, reflective notes, research, and self-assessment activities. The necessary ICT skills here are: word processing, scanning and printing, drawing charts and diagrams. I completed a course in word processing and data analysis so I am relatively competent at this. However I have also been refreshing my knowledge via the Microsoft Office ‘Help, Training and Tutorials’ page2, particularly for drawing diagrams, an area I haven’t had much use for recently. Remembering to organise and file relevant information and tasks into the appropriate folders, and ensuring that at the end of each unit I  have created a co mprehensive review of my study methods and what I have learnt are the most essential components here. In completing this course the internet is my greatest tool, and can be broken down into many sub-categories. Below is a basic system diagram of how I am accessing the internet to complete my course assignments: To help me research and study, I can go online and use: electronic books, journals, articles, videos, podcasts, and publications from governments and respected counselling organisations. I will go into greater detail later, on exactly which websites I am utilising. However as a brief example: Exploring counselling skills with an emphasis on ICT. I did a basic search for â€Å"counselling resources† online. I discovered a website run by a qualified, practicing, experienced, counsellor in the UK.3 This website provided me with general information, a PDF ebook on training to be a counsellor,4 and links videos providing online lessons on counselling skills and concepts.5 I returned to my original search and followed a link to resources offered by a UK university for its students doing a comparable course.6 This gave me a list of books and journals that undergraduates would be using to explore counselling skills.7 I looked at the recommended books on amazon and ordered sample content of those available as ebooks . I then did web searches on the various authors, and contributors to chapters, to both check their credentials and see if they offered any resources on their practice / university / personal website. I went back to the recommended reading list and looked at the recommended journals and found links to them, eg. British Journal of Psychology.8 I returned to my original search and started investigating counselling organisations and their publications including: UKCP,9 BPS,10 the BACP,11 and the CPCAB12 I went to the UN,13 and EU,14 websites to check their publications regarding counselling. Finally I checked the PubMed15 website to find more links to relevant journals. I noted all of these links for use when researching other more specific aspects of counselling. c) Evaluate how performing a SWOT analysis can help you study. I was unfamiliar with the idea of SWOT analysis before beginning this unit so initially I did some background research on the concept16 and looked at a summary of Authur  Humphrey’s, the inventor of SWOT, main principles and conclusions.17 I then searched the internet for ideas on exactly how to identify my own particular strengths and weaknesses. I found mindtools18 particularly helpful because it gave me ideas to consider as I looked at each section. I also performed a personality test19, to see the strengths and weaknesses of my particular personality type. This was less useful, because it was more to do with me personally than with my ability to study, although it gave me several things to consider. I created this chart: At first glance I actually found it quite demoralising – the weaknesses and threats seemed to be considerably more extensive than the strengths and opportunities. However as I analysed it more closely, I quickly realised this was unfounded. I think although I certainly need to consider the threats and weaknesses, they have a lot less weight in comparison to the strengths and opportunities section. So far as I can see my weaknesses are things I can compensate for and take into account as I study. These are my thoughts and solutions for each of them: 1) Limited prior experience of the subject being studied: This is only a temporary problem. I am doing a great deal of background research for this assignment’s part two, and looking into books which might supplement my knowledge. I think I will feel caught up in the near future. 2) Sometimes overly perfectionist (i.e. I can struggle to remember that â€Å"done† is better than â€Å"perfect†): I am setting myself time limits on how long I can edit and re-edit my work. I am consciously writing things that I know may well be deleted or completely revised later, simply to make sure I have a base to work from. 3) Can become over-involved in studying to the point that other areas of my life suffer: I have compiled a detailed schedule for myself, to ensure that I can maintain a balance in my life. I have made sure to keep time free, in particular the weekends when my children are not in school, and to allow time to keep up with my domestic responsibilities. 4) Not having a classroom of other students to bounce idea around with may limit potential: I have been investigating groups of other trainee counsellors and mature students. I have also made sure to check-in on the Oxford College forum20 so I have the potential of meeting other  people. I also found the process of self-assessment useful in countering this weakness, I give more detailed thoughts on that later in this report. 5) Sudden loss of enthusiasm – if I overload myself with unrealistic goals I tend to want to quit: In part this is covered by my solution for weakness 6), however I have also been carefully breaking down each unit and each assignment so it is in bite size, manageable chunks. If I can focus on simply completing each section within each unit, without getting overwhelmed by the whole, and in particular with the word count, I can complete everything without any panic. The threats I identified are largely out of my control. I am estimating that it will take me four to six weeks to complete each unit to the best of my ability. This leaves me with a minimum of six weeks free at the end of the two year time limit. I think that this should be enough to compensate for any slowing down in my pace due to unforeseen circumstances. Listing my strengths and investigating my opportunities was a very positive experience for me. Knowing that I am good at research, experienced in distance study, and that I also have access to a university library has made me feel a lot more confident of my abilities. However acknowledging my weaknesses and proactively coming up with plans to counter them has been the most helpful part of the exercise. d) Evaluate the practice of Reflective Writing. Reflective Writing is the process used to: Consider what you originally thought and what you have learnt. Analyse its implications and outcomes.  Consider what you could do differently, what more you could learn, how what you have learnt will affect you. It is a vital skill for learners at any level, and considered a necessary practise for health professionals at all levels. When you write reflectively you use a unique mixture of both academic analytical skills and apply them to your own personal situation. It was a concept I was previously unfamiliar with. I looked at the general theory behind it on several university websites, I found the Exeter University guide particularly helpful21, and then more specifically at the  Faculty of Public Health website and how it is used by health professionals.22 Throughout this course it is a good way to look at the learning outcomes of each unit. To assess what you originally believed, what you have learnt, and how you can put things into practice. It is also a useful way to keep track of things you think deserve further consideration. So for instance when I was researching SWOT, I came across an interesting theory by Athur Humphrey saying that that the level of people’s work and the effort they put into it is strongly related to reward23. Later on as I was researching what makes effective learners, I came across a scientific study by behaviour economist Dan Ariely that proved this same theory24. Although this information seems interesting, I decided it was not actually directly relevant to what I was being asked to evaluate. It was however something to note and consider in my reflective writing as something that might possibly be relevant later on and something I could learn from. e) Evaluate the practice of Self-Assessment Self assessment, is one of the most important and vital skills in this course. One aspect of it is reflective writing, (detailed previously) but there are several other components. When I do the self-assessment activities in the units I am provided with a baseline of my current knowledge. When I look up the answers at the end of the text this gives me feedback on how much I know, and also helps me to identify what I should be researching to improve my current knowledge level. This is a basic diagram of how I am using the self assessment activities: Essentially, once I know the level of my own knowledge, I can see what I need to work on. A large part of self-assessment seems to be organisation and understanding. The Black Box Report25 on self assessment in British schools noted that the main barrier to student self assessment, is being unsure of exactly what you should be achieving. If you can establish that you have a platform from which to work. Through my SWOT assessment, I established my own personal areas I need to work on. Through the subject specific learning objectives, and self-assessment activities I can establish what I know and what I need to learn. As knowledge is cumulative, organisation is key here – writing up my reflections, with particular reference to the learning  objectives of each unit, and collating them in my ePortfolio to provide a body of reference specific to my needs and learning preferences. f) Consider the Principles of an ePortfolio. ePortfolios are widely used, and an integral component of many online courses. The promotion of ePortfolios is also an EU policy26 as a way of â€Å"valuing and celebrating the achievements of the individual.27† From under graduate to doctoral study28 in counselling ePortfolios are now prevalent. The Inter/National Coalition for Electronic Portfolio Research29 says they are a way for students to both generate and document learning. â€Å"It’s important†¦ to think of an ePortfolio as both a product -a digital collection of artefacts- and as a process – of reflecting on those artefacts and what they represent.30† There are three main goals when creating an ePortfolio. Firstly, mapping my progress as a student, to clearly set out my research, plans, essays, and self reflection. Doing this allows me to not only clearly see my progress, but to critically assess and reflect on what I have learnt. Secondly, my ePortfolio allows me to document my own personal growth, goals, and achievements; to be able to look at what I have done, how I have viewed challenges and worked through them, and perhaps use those methods again in the future. One of the most important pre-requisites to being a counsellor is empathy; having a clear view of myself, the challenges I have gone through, and my reactions as I went through them is a relevant way of helping me remember and being able to relate. Thirdly my ePortfolio provides a body of information that I can use to help me format a CV – both by showing what learning goals I have achieved and how I have achieved then, and by providing evidence of continuous learning. At a later date it can also provide me with the basis for constructing a professional website. Task 2. Collate Web Resources Relevant to Counselling Studies, and Reflect on What Has Been Learnt. As detailed in section b) I have evaluated counselling resources based on their credibility, i.e whether they are peer reviewed, produced by a national or worldwide organisation, and the qualifications of the author. I have only included resources that meet these guidelines fully or in part. I concentrated my web searches on these websites (in alphabetical order): Bielefeld Academic Search Engine – BASE.31 BASE is a  search engine for academic related articles, and journals. A lot of resources related to counselling studies can be found there. British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy – BACP.32 The BACP is a professional organisation for counsellors and psychotherapists in the UK. It sets guidelines for good practice and has various resources and information booklets for counsellors and psychotherapists. It has recently become the first government accredited register for counsellors and psychotherapists in the UK. CogPrints33 – is an online archive of journals and articles with a large psychology section. It is run by Southampton University UK. Columbia University Academic Commons34 gives access to a large number of articles and research papers including many related to counselling psychology. Counselling and Psychotherapy Central Awarding Body – CPCAB.35 The CPCAB provides standards for counsellors and psychotherapists. It also has a large amount of reference information, including videos on counselling practice. European Union – EU.36 The EU sets standards and makes laws for the whole of Europe. They have a database with a large number of reports, many concerning counselling and it’s implementation. Falmouth University Library*3738 – has a large selection of articles and journals related to counselling and psychology. FreeMedicalJournals39 – a website providing access to journals and their articles that have passed their embargo period. Google Scholar40 – a search engine for scholarly articles and journals. PubMed41 – is a website run by The United States National Library of Medicine. It gives access to journals, articles, and reports concerning health. RELATE42 – is the UK based organisation specifically set up to provide counselling for couples. It has a wide range of publications relating to this. This website will be particularly useful when studying the ‘Relationship Counselling’ unit. Science Direct (the replacement for the now retired SCIRUS)43 Science Direct is a website that allows you to search for science related articles and journals. The Directory of Open Access Journals – DOAJ.44 The DOAJ is a search engine for journals and articles, many related to counselling and psychology and it’s worldwide implementation. UK Council for Psychotherapy – UKCP45 The UKCP brings together counselling psychotherapists with a broad range of specialisations throughout the UK. It is nationally recognised and accredited. It has a range of free publications for counsellors. UN university46 – has a large collection of research, articles and publications  including many regarding mental health. United Nations Children’s Fund – UNICEF.47 UNICEF deals with the rights of children and mothers throughout the world. They have a large databa se of reports concerning the physical and mental wellbeing of children and young people. This website will be particularly useful when studying the ‘Child Counselling’ unit. United Nations –UN.48 The UN sets world standards for human rights and health care. They have a large database of articles and reports making recommendations for international well being, including a significant number regarding psychological health. This is a fairly extensive list of resources, and many of the websites listed gives access to reports and articles which number in the tens of thousands. I have listed only those website which have a very good search procedure – this means that when I look for information I can cut down on as many generalisations as possible and find articles that specifically deal with the topics in each unit. My preference is to first search for articles in well regarded journals, and then to move onto lesser known or new reports and findings. So for example to find information on Counselling Studies I went to the Falmouth Library Database and checked for the three main journals related to counselling in Europe: The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, Counselling Psychology Review, and Counselling Psychology Quarterly. I then searched within these publications for articles on Counselling Studies and Therapeutic Person Centred Counselling in particular. I read the BACP and UKCP guidelines and policy for counsellors and for their training. I made notes and considered what I had learnt. Before I began my research I made some brief notes on what I thought Counselling Studies consists of: A practical study of people and their needs in times of crisis, and how a counsellor can best help them; combined with a minimal but still significant grasp of counselling theory and philosophy. Having conducted independent research on this I think my ideas were accurate though necessarily very basic. Counselling Studies is such a huge subject it is difficult to sum up briefly all the necessary qualities a counsellor needs – the prerequisite role of empathy and the difference between empathy and sympathy, the need for acceptance rather than advice, could fill up several pages alone. However I think that I have a basic idea of who a counsellor should be and very much look forward to learning in greater detail how to be that person. Bibliography. BACP (2014) British Association for Counselling Psychotherapy,Available at: http://www.bacp.co.uk/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). Black, Paul; Dylan Wiliam (2001) Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards Through Classroom Assessment. , Available at:http://weaeducation.typepad.co.uk/files/blackbox-1.pdf (Accessed: 25th February 2014). BPS (2014) The British Psychological Society, Available at:http://www.bps.org.uk/publications (Accessed: 25th February 2014). British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (2010) BACP Publications and Journals, Available at:http://www.bacp.co.uk/publications/JOURNALS/index.php(Accessed: 25th February 2014). BSM Consulting Inc. (2014) Portrait of an ISFP, Available at:https://www.personalitypage.com/ISFP.html (Accessed: 25th February 2014). Columbia University (2014) Academic Commons, Available at:http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). CPCAB (2014) Counselling and Psychotherapy Central Awarding Body, Available at: http://www.cpcab.co.uk/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). DOAJ (2014) DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals, Available at:http://doaj.org/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). ElfEL (2014) Memorandum of Understanding: ePortfolio for all, Available at:http://www.eife-l.org/activities/campaigns/epmou (Accessed: 31st March 2014). Elsevier (2014) Science Direct, Available at:http://www.sciencedirect.com/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). Europa (2014) European Union: Index, Available at:http://europa.eu/index_en.htm (Accessed: 25th February 2014). European Union (Europa) (2014) Official Documents of the European Union, Available at: http://europa.eu/publications/official-documents/index_en.htm (Accessed: 25th February 2014). Fair, Boyd ed. Albert S. Humphrey (2005) SRI International December 2005 Newsletter, History Corner p7, Available at:http://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/brochures/dec-05.pdf(Accessed: 25th February 2014). 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United Nations (2014) United Nations Publications and Reports, Available at: http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=bib&menu=search#focus (Accessed: 25th February 2014). United Nations Children’s Fund (2014) UNICEF, Available at:http://www.unicef.org/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). Universitat Bielefeld (2014) BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Available at: http://www.base-search.net/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). University of Waterloo: Centre for Teaching Excellence (2012) ePortfolios: What, Why, and How, Available at: https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-for-teaching-excellence/resources/integrative-learning/eportfolios-what-why-and-how (Accessed: 31st March 2014). University Southampton (2014) CogPrints: Cognitive Sciences Eprints Archive, Available at: http://cogprints.org/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). UNU Office of Communications (2014) United Nations University, Available at: http://unu.edu/ (Accessed: 25th February 2014). Walker, Victoria; Mark, Rehfuss, Agatha, Parks-Savage (2012) Journal of Technology in Counseling, Volume 5 Issue 1: Using ePorfoliols in a Counseling Distance Learning Program, Available at: http://jtc.columbusstate.edu/Vol5_1/Walker.htm (Accessed: 31st March 2014).

Helium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Helium - Essay Example Nobel Prize winners in Physics like R. Richardson with colleagues Osheroff and Lee, nevertheless, points out the essential features of ‘helium’ and the reasons which are worth startling the public to the extent of agreeing that expensive costs be imposed on helium for the sustenance of MRIs, fiber optics, rockets, and other machines that hold special vitality in supporting human lives and activities. Where does helium come from? (in geographical, political and economic terms, as much as the chemical origins). Basically, Sun is the primary source of helium, one of the most stable elements, which is yielded through hydrogen fusion reactions in the solar system whereas on Earth, the radioactive decay of massive elements which are chiefly thorium and uranium over billions of years is found to cause helium formation beneath the Earth’s surface. Along with natural gas, the helium produced exudes out of large rock cavities under low pressure into the atmosphere which has approximately five parts of helium per 100,000 parts of air (Lansing, 1995). In 1868, spectrometer was first used to examine the Sun’s chromospheres during a solar eclipse in India where the resulting spectrum confirmed quantities of hydrogen including yellow stripes which were alleged to characterize sodium element. Unconvinced by the initial hypothesis, French astronomer Janssen further investigated on the matter and was able to disclose the truth about the stripes as beyond the traits of sodium but were most likely part of an unknown element’s identity. On a separate intensive research conducted by Lockyer and  Frankland, Janssen’s results proved that due to its ‘bright yellow stripe’, the element could not have originated from the earth after which  Frankland proposed to call it â€Å"helium† coming from the Greek word â€Å"Helios† meaning Sun. Similar findings were revealed through a range of spectra of other stars that comp rised the yellow stripes whereas Palmieri observed them in gases erupting from Mt. Vesuvius back in 1882. It was not until 1895 that the studies of helium became more meaning when Sir  William Ramsay  treated a Norwegian ore (cleveite) with acids which yielded evolution of helium gas. Hence, the appearance of the yellowish streak in the experiment marked the certainty that on our planet, helium does exist. After nearly two decades, around the same time radium came to be known, scientists had undergone another batch of efforts that would lay foundations for an understanding of helium as a radioactive substance (Helium, History). Geographical findings indicate that the United States, specifically Texas, makes the world’s largest manufacturer of helium despite the valuable presence of helium extraction facilities in Algeria, Russia, and China. Being distilled from  the natural gas  that contains appreciable quantity of uranium and thorium to undergo radioactive decomposi tion, the helium formed is normally derived from rare circumstances of alpha-particle capture occurring underground at considerable depths (Deakin, 2010). Helium is opulently recovered from a region in Amarillo, Texas or the Texas panhandle within a perimeter of 400-km radius and this accounts for a major resource amount that sustains different parts of the world with their helium requirement (Edwards, 2004). Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma are also states of origin responsible for contributing small percentages of helium throughout all nations (ScienceDaily). What are the major uses of helium and why are existing reserves irreversibly declining? Several applications of Helium has have been made possible due to the element’s distinct chemical and physical properties such as low boiling point, low

Bullying in American Schools Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Bullying in American Schools - Assignment Example According to Vossekuil et al. (2002), the analysis of school shooters in the U.S. (from 1974 to 2002) by Secret Service revealed that the shooters were the victim of chronic bullying (Espelage and Swearer 2). This shows that school violence is rooted in the experience of bullying (Espelage and Swearer 2). Moreover, the negative psychological outcomes of bullying were found to be common among all the victims and bullies (Espelage and Swearer 2). A study by Nansel et al. (2001) has revealed that there are major long term negative effects of bullying that prove detrimental for both, the victims and the bullies (Marsh et al. 66). According to Olweus, the negative outcomes of bullying like â€Å"peer rejection, delinquent behavior, criminality, depression, psychological disturbance, further violence in school† and suicidal tendency, continue in adulthood of both, the victims and perpetrators of bullying (Marsh et al. 66). This shows that bullying not only destroys the lives of the victims but also affects the lives of the perpetrators negatively. Hence, intervention at right time is essential. Intervention Studies have found that â€Å"bullying does not occur in isolation† but is a result of the complex relationship between the individual and his social elements like family, peer group, school, community, culture etc., and is encouraged by individual’s interaction with his social environment (Espelage and Swearer 3).

Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning - Assignment Example With this concern, this paper intends to discuss about how Starbucks managed to come to its current position with respect to record earnings in the context of a SWOT analysis. Discussion SWOT analysis is a method or a study which is usually adopted by an organization to evaluate its internal strengths along with weaknesses and external opportunities as well as threats (United States Department of Agriculture, n.d.). The following discussion has been made within the circumstance of SWOT analysis of Starbucks which would reveal about how Starbucks has managed to come to its current position with respect to record earnings. Strengths: Strength is usually considered to be the internal factor which helps an organization towards efficiently achieving its expected organizational goals. In comparison to other coffee house chains in the world, Starbucks is pretty much known to almost every one. The company is renowned to serve its customers with quality as well as standardized products which eventually made the company to earn record earnings in this present day context by a certain degree. In terms of strength, it can be viewed that the company has been listed in the 7th position as one of the finest companies to work for in the year 2008. Though it has been viewed that the number of competitors are increasing at a rapid speed, certain aspects like superior brand awareness, attractive financial position and its strategy of expanding into new business are considered to be vital strengths of the company (SlideShare Inc., 2013). Weaknesses: While most people think Starbucks coffee as a luxury good and is ready to pay any price for it, but the increasing cost in its products has been debatable amid several customers. It has been viewed that there is a constant change in the price of its coffee based products. The main weakness of Starbucks can be apparently observed as that its entire business is mainly dependent on its coffee based products. Whereas, it’s one of th e competitors named Dunkin’ Donuts is involved in performing various sorts of businesses. In addition to its increasing cost of the products, it has also been viewed that the company has also lacked in handling international relations in the past. It is worth mentioning that coffee is duly regarded as a substitute product denoting that people are willing to change their preferences, if there lay high increase in the price level of the products (Higbee, Liaw, Ting, Tjho & Ton, n.d.). Opportunities: One of the best opportunities which is helping and would help Starbucks to maintain its leading position in the coffee industry is technology. The company has been viewed to implement new technologies that not only help to enhance its overall performance but also to come to its current position with respect to record earnings through making continuous research and development (R&D). Specially mentioning, acquisition of certain renowned companies such as Seattle’s Best, XM Caf e, and Tazo Tea has also helped Starbucks to expand itself in various parts of the world resulting in strengthening its current position with regard to record earnings by a significant level. Furthermore, acquisitions of certain other companies like Bay Bread and its La Boulange bakery can also be considered as providing major opportunities for Starbucks by a certain degree. The strategy of Starbucks to

Marketing Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marketing Ethics - Research Paper Example 104) describe marketing ethics as a dimension of social responsibility that involves principles and standards that delineate satisfactory behavior in marketing. Marketers should be careful and conscious of moral principles for tolerable behavior from numerous stand points such as the industry, company, consumers, society, and exceptional interest groups. When marketing actions diverge from the established principles, the exchange practice can collapse, resulting in consumer frustration, lack of reliance and law suits (Arnold, 2009, p. 113). An ethical issue is an identifiable dilemma that necessitates an organization or individual to decide amongst numerous procedures that must be assessed as wrong or right (Pride & Ferrell, 2011, p. 104). Any time an activity causes marketers or consumers in their target markets to feel manipulated or cheated; a marketing ethical situation exists, despite the legality of the activity. Ethical issues in marketing arise from product, distribution, pro motion, and pricing issues. The concept of segmentation and target marketing has been on the increase in the contemporary world. Market promotion and targeting can generate moral matters in a multiplicity of ways, among them forged and deceptive adverts and controlling sales advertising and targeting a market segment (Moore, 1990, p. 45). Marketers have fragmented consumer markets resulting to increased need for focused target marketing. Despite the role of recognizing and fulfilling customer wants, more target marketing has come with augmented denigration. Though target marketing is widely regarded as the embodiment of marketing conception, it has in certain cases been disparaged as unethical (Smith & Cooper-Martins, 1997, p. 1). Particularly, widespread media focus has been dedicated to the aiming of grown-up customer sections referred as susceptible with manufactured goods mulled over as damaging. This disapproval of targeting has engrossed merchandises such

Food Quality and Safty Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Quality and Safty - Case Study Example Manufactures should embrace certain systems that ensure the integrity of the food in terms of health and quality. In order to do this they need to follow certain safety and quality assurance systems, which have been developed to safeguard the food quality. Some of them are obligatory while others are voluntary the obligatory ones are known as safety assurance systems. The difference between mandatory and voluntary systems is based on good Hygiene practices GHP as well as good manufacturing practices GMP (Sikora and Stranda 2005, p.85). Good hygiene practices systems will ensure the firms production process adheres to the highest standards of cleanness and food such as meat would never be exposed to contaminants or foreign particles such as plaster since it would be thoroughly examined before being released into the market. The law does not require the other quality management systems although desirable to consumers and society such as having quality assurance control points, which are put in place strategically with the view of eliminating hazard (Sikora and Stranda 2005, p.85). Quality control points allow the manufactures to check the products in stages, for instance, in bread production; the manufactures can check the dough after it has been through the oven for soot burnt parts. If this were to be done at every stage of production, the hazards would be considerably reduced as well as the margin for error in the final product. Hazard analysis and critical control points(HACCP) is considered to be the most important method of controlling safety hazards in food and drugs, its effectiveness is enhanced by the fact that, instead of inspecting the finished product, HACCP identifies the physical, chemical, and allergic hazards in the food during the production process, as such it is considered a preventive method. It can be applied in any

The Emerald Forest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Emerald Forest - Essay Example This cleaning of forests angered the tribes living in the forests known as the Invisible people and The Fierce People (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The story gets its real essence when one-day Markhem takes his family for a tour of the forest and his son Tommy gets abducted by the Invisible people (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The invisible people are environmental friendly people, who are very close to nature considering it as their friend and living happily in their forest in their own community unless Markhem comes to destroy their peace and take away their home (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). They kidnap his son because they assume that Westerners or termites as they call them are the destroyers of the world, but the child is innocent and so should not live with these murderers. Tommy is adopted by the chief of the tribe Wanadi who loves and brings him up as his son. Markhem searches a lot for Tommy but does not find him until after ten years when Tommy rescues hi m while fleeing for his life from the Fierce People (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). Markhem asks Tommy to return to him and his world but Tommy refuses and says that now his world is this forest and his people are his tribe. Markhem even asks their chief Wanadi, who is the authority of the Invisible People to convince Tommy to return but Wanadi says that â€Å"If I tell a man to do what he does not want to do, I may no longer be the chief.† Meaning that even being the authority there he has no right to force people to do something they don’t want to do.... The chief does not give any command or order to his people, not even his son to follow, rather he understands that it is the basic right of every human being to follow his will and wish (â€Å"Proyect†). However in the modern western world, lives of humans are ruled by orders and commandments given sometimes by their parents, sometimes by teachers, later by their employees, and overall by the governments, policemen etc (â€Å"Proyect†). It was not just that there was a wide gap between the authority structures of these two societies but their entire life style, culture, norms, traditions etc all were opposite. The people of the traditional societies still use artillery, spears and arrows to fight and they walk to cover long distances (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The use of technology is very limited or almost nonexistent in their lives as they are closer to nature and lives together. In contrast to them, modern western society uses technology to a large extent (à ¢â‚¬Å"The Emerald Forest†). There are modern methods of fighting like machine guns and bombs, aero planes, railways cars etc to travel to far away distances in just hours, large machines are used for construction and to cut off forests. This advancement in technology has both its benefits and costs (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). With technology comes the easiness to do things and time gets saved in travelling. As Wanadi says to Markhem â€Å"When I was a boy, the edges of the world was very far away, but it comes closer each year.† However with benefits comes the cost too. As more vehicles are produced, so have the pollution from air, land and water increased as well (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). This pollution is destroying our respiratory system by going inside us

Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment Relationship - Essay Example What above discussion suggests is the fact that the conflict is an inherent and often permanent element in the equation of employment relations as despite being agreed on trading off the job security with the loyalty to be shown to the employers, employees still consider a degree of conflict in their relationship with employers. This however, further depend upon the relative degree of conflict in the employment relations as such conflict may between the different layers of employees as well as the employers/management. The term industrial relation potentially defines the relationship between the workers/employees and the management of the organization. Earlier efforts on defining the industrial relations concentrated on defining the industrial relations in terms of "processes of control over work relations" (Hills). This definition therefore set up the tome of industrial relations in terms of the defining as to how the work relations are controlled within an organization. The emergence of the term Industrial Relations happened during the decade of 1920s due to enormous increase in industrial activity in US and UK. However, over the period of time, its interpretation as well as name has changed from Industrial Relations to Personnel Management and from Personnel Management to Human Resource Management. Despite such change, it is critical to understand that the basic theoretical thrust behind the concept has remained same i.e. management of people. (Edwards). Edwards is also of the opinion that sinc e the industrial relations are basically responsible for the employment management therefore a better representation of the term Industrial Relations can also be Employment relation. The representation of the workers is achieved through the formation of a collective bargaining agent or unions which often negotiate the nature of relationship between workers and the management of the firm. It is also critical to understand that the degree of industrial relations may vary at everyone functional level i.e. they may have different dynamics when viewed at the shop/floor level whereas the intensity and significance may greatly vary when the same is dealt much higher level of employment relations. Further, the degree and variability of industrial relations also depend upon the relative technological strengths of the employers as with the advancement in technology, many jobs may be rendered as redundant and many workers may loose their jobs due to technological change. Employment Relations Employment relationships need to be viewed in two perspectives i.e. from the point of view of the employee and the employer. For an employee, employment is an obvious source of income and a way to achieve the social recognition and identity. Thus the term employment relations not only have the economic influence, but it also carries a social orientation due to the different softer issues involved in the process. (Bamber,

Any current controversial issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Any current controversial issue - Essay Example Criminals will think twice before committing a crime if they know there are other people in their midst with the same weapons as they have. Having a gun in the house reduces the feelings of insecurity. People feel a bit safe when they possess something to use whenever a mishap happens especially when they are alone. It is also effortless to flash out an intruder, when one has a weapon, intruders are kept at bay. In addition, those in possession of a gun at home are less likely to lose their property or get injured during a robbery ordeal. Guns and weapons, if given to the right people, that is, the law abiding citizens, can be of great advantage to a country, but if they land in the wrong hands, it can be disastrous. Some people would argue that having a gun at home is like sitting on a time bomb. The liabilities that come with it are numerous. The owner has to take various measures to avoid hurting themselves and others. It is important to store the weapons in a safe place, probably locked or in a safe place to avoid them getting into unintended hands. Consciousness is a man’s compass, and if one lacks it, they lack direction. Such people, if, in possession of a weapon, one can be sure there have to be bloodshed. Unfortunately, it is not easy to identify them and hence may end up owning guns. An example of this is in the recent case at the Connecticut where a gun man mercilessly killed twenty school children for no apparent reason. The advocators of guns legalization should wake up and smell the coffee. Enough incidences have already happened for people to still burry their heads in the sand as if nothing wrong is happening. It is ironical that the gun that is supposed to protect the owner is the very one that kills him. There have been cases of suicide, whereby the owners of the weapons use the same weapons to end their lives. If weapons were not kept in the house, probably it would not be so simple for a few people to commit suicide. Nobody keeps a gu n hoping that it will kill him one day. Everyone hopes to be protected by it if need arises. Weapons at home have been turned against members of the family. Reportedly, licensed guns have been used in various incidences of domestic violence. Instead of protecting loved ones, these weapons are harming them. various groups have argued that stricter measures should be adopted regarding gun ownership and use, but even with the strict measures it is a no win situation unless, these guns are left in the hands of their rightful owners that is, the police and the military. Human rights activists have done a great job in educating people on the dangers of being in possession of weapons at home, but people have just decided to shoot the messenger. It is unfortunate that most of the times these weapons have ended up hurting innocent people instead of the criminals. However, much people want to turn a blind eye to this situation. It is obvious the harm brought about by guns and weapons in the n ame of self defense outweighs the benefits. Rowdy youths in possession of guns have been seen to cause chaos and crimes in various cities. The possession of a weapon makes them feel like they are on top the world. It is unfortunate that the security officers, who are mandated and qualified to carry guns, have found themselves on the receiving end. The hunters have become the hunted. There have been various cases of police officers being

State and federal Essay Example for Free

State and federal Essay How a society punishes their criminals can say a lot about the way the citizens live their lives. Here in the United States we would rather take better care of someone in prison for life than a person on the street who has never committed a crime in their life. The philosophy and practices has changed drastically in the last 30 years. Rehabilitation was the main focus for the beginning of the 20th century. This gave way to a new found focus on justice, and fairness in the 1970s. Crime control was the next practice of sentencing, this emphasized jail time as a way to reduce the crime in a community. During the 1980s-1990s this model of crime control was very popular. The emphasis on goals of the sentencing, and corrections policies, and practices can be characterized. Sentencing has four major goals that are normally attributed to it: deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retribution. Retribution is from the 21 centuries model of â€Å"just deserts.† The main idea is that if someone breaks the law they should be punished. The other three uses more emphasize on protecting the public. The way they go about is how they differ. Deterrence focuses on the burdensome aspect of a punishment. This makes the offender think about what he or she is, has, or is about to do. This is to make a rational thought that the chance of getting caught is too high, not worth the risk. The idea is to make the person (specific deterrence) who may commit the crime so afraid of the punishment, and detour others (general deterrence) from committing the same crime. Incapacitation is when a person is deprived the capacity to commit a crime due to the fact they are, well in prison. Next is rehabilitation. The goal here is to change the way an offender thinks, and acts so that they do not commit crimes any more. This is done by usually offering an education to an offender. When all of this is combined, and put to work it creates a large work load for the corrections departments across the United States. Though not one of these works best for every prison, city, or inmate, but when combined can be a useful tool. The corrections system takes a large blow depending on how a crime or offender is sentenced. With most jails, and prisons near, at, or over capacity they must take each sentence in to consideration. For retribution there can be very little impact on a large scale prison, but for a small town corrections department this can make an impact. When an offender is charged with a crime, and is sentenced with a form for retribution, community service for example. For every person that is sentenced in this way it takes more resources to complete the task for the corrections department. If more offenders were sentenced to probation or parole the impact on the corrections system would be much less. This would defeat the purpose of the system many times. The idea behind the sentence is to get the criminal off the streets, and out of the community. Rehabilitation is considered to be the only punishment that is a combination of the reduction of crime with the offender’s rights intact. Crime can be deterred by long prison terms, and capital punishment, rehabilitation will only work if the offender can re-enter the community or society. If this is not an option extreme punishments need not to be ruled out. If one is to favor a â€Å"right’s oriented rehabilitation,† this is to accept the criminal’s liability to receive punishment, but also assumes the right on his or her part to be able to return to society, and be a contributing member of a community. This idea is often referred to as â€Å"state-obligated rehabilitation.† This meaning that if the right of the state is to punish, they also must be able to educate their prisoners. The idea is that no more harm comes than was intended at the time of the sentence. One can go as far as to say that if the state or federal prison system does not provide a source of rehabilitation to the inmates it would be cruel and unusual punishment. If the goal is to rehabilitate the criminals, and one day have them back on the street as functioning members of a society that we want so badly to be safe, and secure then yes. Prison should be a harsh environment, but at the same time a place where one can gain a new found  appreciation for a hard work ethic or a basis education. Also along with this prison needs to be a place where an offender can look back, and be thankful for the time they spent their because of the education they received, but at the same time never want to return because it is such a horrible place. According to The Free Dictionary (2013), â€Å"Determinate Sentence – A sentence to confinement for a fixed or minimum period that is specified by statute.   Indeterminate Sentence – The prison term imposed after conviction for a crime which does not state a specific period of time or release date, but just a range of time, such as â€Å"five-to-ten years.† My personal opinion is that indeterminate sentencing is a more appropriate approach to sentencing. For one there are so many variables that can go into a case that if a cookie cutter approach is tried to be used there will be several things over looked, and then many things over emphasized. The idea for a punishment to be passed down that is fair to the individual not the crime. Though I believe that some crimes should have a determinate sentence to them with an option of adjustment depending of the situation, but for the most part if someone breaks that law, no matter who, what, why, where, or when they get the same sentence. An example According to OMally Law Office (2013), †A man convicted of sexual assault on his maid had his sentence reduced from 28 years to life, to 8 years to life in an Arapahoe County, Colorado court recently. This story was reported in a CBS Denver 4 News release. Homaida Al-Turki, a Saudi-Arabia citizen, was accused and convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault related to keeping his maid as a sex slave in his Aurora, Colorado home. The reduction in sentence was said to be ordered because Mr. Al-Turki, who was incarcerated at a Limon, Colorado facility for the past five years, displayed good behavior, and also due implications from a recent Colorado Supreme Court ruling in a case unrelated to Mr. Al-Turki. It is important to note that Mr. Al-Turki still faces an indeterminate sentence. Indeterminate sentencing in Colorado means that a defendant may be kept for  his entire life, regardless of his minimum sentence. So, the practice effect is that if the parole board desires to keep Mr. Al-Turki in the custody of the Colorado Department of Corrections forever, they can. In effect, the sentence reduction only impacts the minimum sentence this defendant must serve, not the maximum. Indeterminate sentences in Colorado only come into play with Colorado sex offenses. Whether it is Douglas County, Weld County, Larimer County or another Colorado County, indeterminate sentences are devastating.†

Social networking phenomenon in e-business

Social networking phenomenon in e-business Abstract Nowadays the social networking with its gradual growth has affected the image that we have about the web dramatically. In the following paper some issues about social networking are discussed. In particular, a critical exploration of the social networking phenomenon is presented and an evaluation of the impact on e-commerce and e-business is discussed. Furthermore some possible applications that concern opportunities, benefits and risks are given. A synthesis of the above provides a summary of conclusions that can be drawn and recommendations that can be made as well. Introduction Everyday practice shows that Social Networks popularity is increased day by day. If facebook were country it would be the worlds 4th largest after China, India and USA having over 250.000 users. Many companies have realized this phenomenon and have already started to reform their marketing policy in order to benefit from the Social Networking growth. Many professionals from music artists to business enterprises advertise themselves in social networking web sites via uploading some of their new songs, images or videos. It is obvious that Social networking has a direct impact in e-business. In order to provide an evaluation of the social networking impact on e-business, we are starting our attempt from word-of-mouth marketplaces or overstock auctions or reputation systems. Reputation Systems like Amazon or e-bay is an online marketplace that augments traditional auctions with a social networking component (Christo Wilson 2008). Furthermore some social networks applications have several critical factors that we should consider (benefits, risks, opportunities). Our research demonstrates that the gradual growth of social networking has several benefits and several risks. In particular recent surveys have shown high levels of fraud in online markets (Bhattacharjee, Goe 2005). Some of the most important malicious aspect of social networking is ballot stuffing, bad mouthing and data theft which will be described in detail in the third sector of this paper. On the other side as it was previously mentioned social networking has several benefits. Customers have lost trust in traditional sales, marketing and service or Customer Relationship Management and this plays a pivotal role in increasing of positive impact of social networking in e-business. Many people have changed their buying culture and have orientated in online reputation systems such as e-bay and Amazon that have direct relation with social networking aspects. In a few words this paper provides an overview of the social networking phenomenon evaluates its direct impact in e-business and e-commerce and presents some opportunities benefits and risks that are included. Social networking as phenomenon Social Networking is a phenomenon that has affected the whole Web and many aspects of our lives dramatically. Social networking web sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Hi5, Friendster etc. provide the ability to their member/users to create their personal profiles where they can share some information, brief CVs or personal photos. Thus they have the ability to search for their old acquaintances or familiars. Furthermore they can upload or trade with other users photos, comments or videos. In fig.1 a profile sample is provided. Human beings used to create groups that consisted of people with whom they shared common interests. It was therefore expected that these networks will quickly transported to the online world. Social networks are created for many reasons and for different publics. Despite their differences the social networks are concerned with the following concepts: Profiles Each member creates and maintains an online profile that contains information regarding individual interests, skills or any part of his personal status. For example some people provide their CV in order to find a (new/better) job Connections -Social networks enable their members to keep connections with each other chat trade images, comments and in general keep in touch via the Web (Boyd, Ellison 2007). Even though the gradual growth of social networking is something recent it is not something new as a concept. Forums, chat rooms, blogs and creations of personal web sites (even though are not something new) are also functions regarding by social networking aspects. Several sites that contained the social networking element appeared in the start of new millennium. The gradual social networking expansion is a part of a wider online phenomenon named Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is a dynamic wide web platform in which several users are enabled to interact with each other without having specialized knowledge in computer systems or network issues. Evaluation of Social Networking impact on e-commerce and e-business The social networking phenomenon has undoubtedly a direct impact on e-business. Several benefits and risks could affect (negatively or positively) e-business. Some benefits could derive from contacts between professionals, ranging from finding the right expertise to identifying cross-organization sales opportunities. Whats more many professionals are eager to create an internal reputation, and to explore career prospects. Personal contacts between the workers could help job satisfaction and the maintenance and development of the local community could help in rapidly professionals resolution. Sharing of information and communication, a priority and challenge for many companies, could improve (Blackwell 2009). One more Social Networking aspect that should be considered in order to provide a deeper evaluation of the Social Networking impact in e-business is the one introduced Overstock in Auctions. Overstock Auctions is an e-commerce website that combines traditional auctions with a social networking component. However, samplings of user feedback shows that transactions between partners connected on the social network result in significantly higher user satisfaction. Official research also shows that Overstocks business ratings have big degree of accuracy, in that they have a strong correlation with user satisfaction after their transaction. According with official research it has investigated that a big percentage users of Overstock Auctions have friends common to both their business as well as personal networks. That means that we have the trust element that plays a pivotal role in marketing. Unfortunately, traditional marketing users are often unable to locate their desired merchandise in their social network. Edelman Trust Barometer mentioned that the most reliable information source about an enterprise is a person like me'. The survey relates that in the U.S., trust in a p erson like me increased from 20% in 2003 to 68% today. Thats why they prefer to buy any suggested product from a friend over a perfect stranger. Academic researchers have observed that 6% of users have 100% of their personal contacts involved in the business networks, which demonstrate that users have either only dealing with their social acquaintances, business partners or guests to participate in the personal network their friends (Wilson, Boe 2008). The next topic that we will discuss concern Word-of-mouth marketing. The companies that have only traditional marketing methods and not Social Network element are in crisis with low productivity and benefits as a result of TV and Radio advertisement saturation. On the other side companies like Amazon, Google and Hotmail succeed with virtually no marketing based solely on word of mouth. Word-of- mouth is the best predictor of business growth because it contains the trust element that plays pivotal role in e-business (Pedro Domingos 2005). Possible applications, opportunities, benefits and risks The following section provides some possible applications focusing on opportunities benefits and risks. Opportunities There are several opportunities of using social network applications such as sharing information and media with peers, finding an audience for creative works, helping young people keep in contact with peers or allowing young people to develop new contacts and friendships with each other. In businesses the importance of internal social software use is increased daily. Given that the next generation of employees will use the social software as the main medium of communication, the companies must bridge generation gaps and boundaries via the supporting of this communication method with its use in workplaces. Despite the difficulties the benefits are still huge. At first a high user percentage is directors or company representatives indicating that Social Networking Software has a wide range of potential customers or active users. Secondly by bringing this social software tool in the company, the relevant elements regarding the contacts, interests and activities of the workers are available and archive-able from the company by providing new resources and new abilities for human resources comprehension. In case these tools are not provided by the company the employees have the right to seek social software tools such as facebook etc. Benefits There are undoubtedly several possible business benefits of the gradual growth of social networking applications. At first within social network sites the employees are able to keep in touch with their colleagues. Unfortunately the percentage of distant colleagues and in general distant working relationships is increasing day by day. So it is obvious that we draw attention to the necessity of awareness increasing and contact between distant partners via the social network tools. Within several companies keeping touch and maintaining relationship in an organization is a critical factor for an successful career. Thus the social network tools help the companies to maintain or improve their productivity independently from their employees distance. Another beneficial social network application is the user support regarding the exploring and learning about the new employees and the team members. This endeavor makes the searching of colleagues with special skills or discovering of past experiences in activities that could be useful for new projects easier. Organization-based social networks could also help the professionals to approach work (or non work) issues of common interest something that improves the communication between people who interact for the first time (Joan Morris DiMicco 2007). Risks Social networking has several risks except from benefits such as bullying, abuse and exploitation of young people, too much time (distraction) spend on the computer / internet addiction, ballot stuffing or bad mouthing Ballot Stuffing A seller manages to make fake transactions via the positive ratings after collusion with other buyers. So Ballot Stuffing has as a result the inflating a sellers reputation.( Bhattacharjee, Goel, 2005) Bad Mouthing On the other hand a group of buyers may be conspiring (it could be after a collusion with a rival vendor) to deliberately give negative feedback to a particular vendor and hence less reputation. This is known as bad mouthing. ( Bhattacharjee, Goel, 2005) Malicious goals Some people tend to create fake profiles to bully, lie cheat and steal. Even though there are several benefits in communication via social network applications such as keeping touch and relationship management there is also always the potential to receive negative, insulting or unsuitable comments. In several interviews several social networking users mentioned that the rude culture of some users was a common disadvantage. There was only a small percentage that disagreed with the term disadvantage. Unlike in the real world according to the new users opinion the social network sites have not social limitations or boundaries. This means that users could behave in whatever way they want without limitations via posting rude or abusive messages. However in worst cases the rude culture of some users transact into malicious culture indicating that many users use fake profiles in order to insidiously steal data or money. I.e. A user might give his credit card password in order to buy something from an advantageous market. Thus a malicious user having the credit card password is enabled to steal money. (Davies, Cranston 2008). Distraction In an organization a social networking software installation should undoubtedly offer several benefits and tremendous power to factors regarding the productivity and profits. However Surveys have found that social networking may be a distraction to workers. In particular it was found that 8% of the work time (30 minutes in 8-hour work-time) concern with social non-working activities. I.e. even though sending of personal photos among employees could provide some indirect benefit to a company, it could also be a distracter for the employees with bad impacts to productivity and profits. Synthesis As it was mentioned Social Networking as concept is not something new. It is exist from the internet creation since 20 years. In fact Social networking is part of a wider Internet phenomenon named Web 2.0 indicating the recent Social Network event is its gradual growth due to Web 2.0 creation. Although companies are aware of the marketing and PR opportunities, using social networking software in a given company or organization is still in relatively early stage .Our main concern in this research paper is the emphasis on the need for transaction costs for a word-of-mouth system to work well and in order to avoid phenomenon such as ballot stuffing or bad mouthing . Not only is the transaction costs important for an word of mouth system to function well, the reputation of earned premiums to the seller should be associated with the transaction costs It should also be reported that not only enterprises but all of us have to protect ourselves from malicious users via permanent information. Conclusion Our study provided an overview regarding the Social Networking Phenomenon. It has also provided an evaluation of the impact of social Networking on e-business. In the stage of our evaluation we discuss about overstock Auctions. Overstock Auctions is a kind of an e-commerce website that makes a strong combination between traditional auctions and the social networking component. We have also discussed about reputation systems. The research has shown that Social Networking has both benefits and risks. Some of the risks that could be lurking are the excessive use of social network applications in workplaces, i.e the use of facebook in workplace from an employee for non business reasons. Other risks that are involved are ballot staffing and bad mouthing in reputation systems. Ballot stuffing is the creation of fake fame after collusion between the reputation System company and fake buyers. Unlike bad mouthing is the defamation of the reputation system company via fake unhappy customers .S ome benefits that could be shown are the improvement of customer support in a company. A complicated problem for a company could be solved by finding an expert or locate implicit knowledge via a social network application. In particular a questioner could contact via a Social Network Site with an expert who has solved a similar problem in the past and find a solution to their problem. This paper also provides the trust component that plays pivotal role in e-commerce. Customers have lost their trust to the traditional marketing methods. The social networks enables the customer to interact with a person like him in order to get the appropriate information for any product. Thus even though the majority of users perform few transactions with their virtual friends on social network, many sampling feedbacks showed that transactions between companies representatives and customers have increased the user satisfaction degree. Also a conclusion has been drawn that Overstocks business ratings are accurate, in that they have a strong correlation with user satisfaction after their transaction. Thus a valid conclusion would be that there exists a necessity of transaction costs for a well functioning reputation system References Bhattacharjee, R. Goel, A., 2005. Avoiding ballot stuffing in ebay-like reputation systems. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Economics of peer-to-peer systems. p. 137. Blackwell, J. et al., 2009. Design and adoption of social collaboration software within businesses. In Proceedings of the 27th international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems. pp. 2759-2762. Boyd, d. m., Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, DiMicco, J. et al., 2008. Motivations for social networking at work. In Proceedings of the ACM 2008 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. pp. 711-720. DiMicco, J.M. Millen, D.R., 2007. Identity management: Multiple presentations of self in Facebook. In Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work. pp. 383-386. Domingos, P., 2005. Mining social networks for viral marketing. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 20(1), 80-82. Goad, R and Mooney, T, The impact of Social Networking in the UK (Hitwise Experian, 2007), Swamynathan, G. et al., 2008. Do social networks improve e-commerce?: a study on social marketplaces. In Proceedings of the first workshop on Online social networks. pp. 1-6. Withers, K, Young People and Social Networking Sites: Briefing to guide policy responses Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR, 2007).

Radioactive Decay Coin Experiment

Radioactive Decay Coin Experiment Understanding radioactive decay by experimenting with coins. Abstract The aim of this report is to show how to simulate the radioactive decay process using coins as a safer method of learning, the report is divided into six parts: Introduction: radioactivity, radioactive decay, half-life and the main purpose of the experiments are explained here. Hypothesis of both labs are detailed here. Method: the method to carryout both experiments is in detail in this section, provided in a step by step style that a reader can replicate the experiment himself. Results and discussion: The results of Lab 1 and Lab 2 are thoroughly discussed and analyzed in this section, and my hypothesis is held against the final results of the experiment. Conclusion: the final thought on the results from the experiments and if they did prove the hypothesis or not. References: a full list of all the references that contributed to this report are provided. Appendix: all the final data from Lab 1 and Lab 2 are provided for reference. Introduction Radioactivity can be described as the particles which are emitted from a nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Radioactive decay is when the isotopes are unstable they tend to discharge energy in the form of radiation. There are a total of three main types of radiation or radioactive decay this depends on the type of the isotope: Alpha decay When there are numerous protons in a nucleus the element will start to discharge radiation in the form of positive charged particles these are called alpha particles. Beta decay When there are numerous neutrons in a nucleus the element will discharge radiation in the form of negative charged particles, these are called beta particles. Gamma decay When there is an excessive amount of energy in the nucleus the gamma particles with no overall charge are discharged from the element. The half-life of an isotope can be explained as the average time that takes half of the total number of atoms in a sample to decay eventually. What this experiment aims to show is how probability is related to radioactive decay. We use coins in this experiment as a model that reflects the randomness of the radioactive decay process. Keeping in mind the randomness of the results from this experiment, one should expect to achieve the desired results eventually (it is a matter of time and trial and error). This experiment is divided into two parts: Lab1 where we deal with a greater number (195 coins in this case) and Lab2 where it’s a much lesser number (16 coins). Hypothesis of the experiments: Since Lab 1 uses a large number of coins (195) there is a probability of 50% that the coins will flip if all of them were to be shaken at once, and this can be a very good representative of how half the atoms in an isotope will decay (half-life). I think that the same can be said about Lab 2 as I expect 50% of the 16 coins to decay as probability is the same regardless of the number of coins. Method Lab 1: we put 195 five pence coins in a big black box shaped folder (all of the coins with their heads side facing up) and shook the box 20 intense shakes each attempt and then we proceed to open the box and count how many coins flipped to their tails side (this represent decaying) and the result gets recorded (number decayed each attempt, accumulated no. decayed and coins left) at the end of each trial the decayed coins are removed from the box. We keep doing this experiment until all coins are flipped to their tails side (decayed). Lab 2: This time we are using less number of coins (16 five pence coins) and we put them in a plastic cup, for each attempt we shake the cup then we flipped the cup upside down on a table, then we check how many coins flipped to their tails side (decayed) for this first throw and we record them, then we put back the heads facing coins back to the cup and we repeat the process of shaking the cup and flipping it on the table until we have 2 heads facing coins or less, and we record how many attempts it took us to have 2 heads coins or less. All of this count as one trial, we do this process for up to 50 trials. Each trial gets recorded separately (Number of coins decayed first throw and number of throws to get 2 or less). An alternative way to do the experiment if it is difficult to do physically is using this online coin toss simulator: http://nrich.maths.org/7220 Results and discussion The results for lab 1 were similar to what I had in theory, approximately 50% of the coins decayed in the first trial and second trial, then the percentage became lesser and more random as the trials goes by. Figure 1: number of coins left (shown as circle markers) and the accumulated number of decayed coins (shown as square markers) against the number of trials. It can be observed in figure 1 that the more coins we have (starting at 195) the higher the decay rate (that can be observed), but the lesser number of coins left the less obvious probability of the coins decaying even though the probability is the same (as the randomness of the decaying process is not related to a certain number of coins) as to make the decaying more obvious in smaller number of coins we did Lab 2: Figure 2: Frequency of the decayed coins in the first throw. As shown in figure 2 the frequency of the 16 coins decaying in the first throw in each trial of the 50 trials is 9 which is still approximately 50% of the total number of coins, this proves my point that the probability of the coins flipping to their tails side (decaying) is the same regardless of the number of the coins in each experiment. Furthermore, the total number of coins decayed out of 16 coins in all of the 50 trials has been calculated and the total percentage was 47.75% again this is approximately 50% of the total number of coins in all of the 50 trials. Figure 3: Frequency of the number of throw to get 2 or less In figure 3 which show the frequency of how many throw of coins we need to reach 2 non-decaying coins or less in each trial (we stop at 2 rather than zero because it will take unnecessary large number of throws per trial), it further proves my hypothesis of the probability of 50% coins decaying as the most frequent number of throws to reach 2 or less was 3, we explain this by saying because 9 coins will mostly flip in the first throw (approximately 50% of the 16 total coins) it will take mostly 3 throws to reach 2 coins in the end because 50% of the coins will probably decay in each throw: 16 Coins > 50% Decay rate (In the first throw) > 8 Coins > 50% Decay rate > 4 Coins > 50% Decay rate > 2 Coins or less = 4 total number of throws going at a decay rate of approximately 50%, 3 throws to reach 2 or less is the most frequent number (also to back up this claim a calculation has been made by calculating the most frequent number of throw to get 2 or less over the total number of 50 trials and the average was 3.08 as provided in the appendix). The decaying process is random in its nature so even if it is likely for the coins to have a 50% decay rate in the experiment done, it cannot be taken for granted. Despite the fact that this final results for this experiment were satisfactory there was still some room for human error in this case, this can vary between simply not counting the coins correctly, to actually losing some of the coins. The experiment could easily be improved by doing the two labs two times between two students and they can compare the results afterwards. Another improvement can be done to the equipment that was being used as the box folder used in lab 1 had some holes in it that was not perfect for shaking the coins inside. Otherwise the coins themselves were all of the same kind (five pence) all of them having the same size and shape helped greatly in avoiding any confusion for the students doing the experiment. Obliviously since this is a student level experiment the equipment and method used were humble but satisfactory, but if this experiment were to be replicated by a higher level institution for a more serious cause then a machine should be used for tossing and counting the coins to get more accurate results. Conclusion The final results of the experiment were satisfactory and have proven my hypothesis and were helpful in understanding the randomness of the radioactive decay process, but as mentioned before, we can achieve better and more accurate results using more advanced methods. References (Ducksters,2015) http://www.ducksters.com/science/chemistry/radiation_and_radioactivity.php (Physics.org) http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=71 (Mini Physics) http://www.miniphysics.com/radioactive-decay.html (Probability Formula,2011) http://www.probabilityformula.org/ Appendix Table 1: Lab 1 results Table 2: Lab 2 results Table 3: A frequency table of the number of coins decaying in the first throw of each of the 50 trials. Table 4: A frequency table of the number of throws to get 2 non-decayed coins or less throughout the 50 trials.

Electrical Engineering :: Graduate Admissions Essays

Electrical Engineering My decision to pursue graduate study in the United States is underscored by my desire to be a part of the graduate program at your institution. Purdue University offers the flexibility needed for such a vast and rapidly changing field. The research facilities and the faculty at the university are par excellent. Communications is an industry that has changed our lives. In a very short period it has changed the way we have looked at things since centuries. It is one industry that is going to shape our future for centuries to come. Hence my desire to do masters in electrical engineering with communications as my major. My interest in electronics blossomed during my high school years. It was the time when technology had begun to make an impact on the lives of people in India. Hence engineering with electronics as my major was the first choice for my undergraduate studies. Right since the beginning of my undergraduate study electronics is a subject that has fascinated me with its power of applications. The subjects that I have studied include Linear Electronics, Digital Electronics. These laid the foundation for my courses in Electronic Communication & Communication Systems at a later stage. My undergraduate studies already focus on the communications aspect of electronics. A masters degree in electrical engineering with communications as major field is the next logical step. For the past four months I have been working as a project trainee at the Indian Institute for Advanced Electronics. I am working on the design and development of a "PC Controlled Digital Serial Data Generator". This short stint has given me invaluable practical experience. It has given me the confidence to pursue a masters degree and also kindled a desire to do research. During the course of my work at IIAE, I have come across several scientists. Most of them work in different areas of communications. Interactions with them have made me realize the vastness and the scope of communications. My discussions with them convinced me that specializing in communications will suit me very well. The subject of research which interests me very much is spread spectrum communication systems. Coding theory and combinations is another research subject which arouses my curiosity. The subject Communication Theory which I am studying at present introduces these topics in theory.

Summary of Fallen Angels by Walter Dean Myers Essay -- Fallen Angels E

Walter Dean Myers wrote the book Fallen Angels. It is about America's experiences in the Vietnam War as told by the main character in the book, Richie Perry. Perry goes through a lot of changes and sees some of his good friends die in battle fighting for a cause that no one could agree upon. The book has 4 other main characters, Lobel, Johnson, Brunner, and Peewee. The book starts off talking about the experiences of Perry while he is serving in Vietnam. His best friend, Peewee becomes instant friends with each other when they meet in the barracks. Peewee helps Perry by standing up for him during several disputes. Peewee and Perry wake up the next morning and find out that they are to go on patrol in order to search out and destroy any VÃ ®et CÃ ´ng soldiers that they encounter. The patrol lasts for a few hours and Peewee and Perry are just about to camp, when a mutual friend of Peewee and Perry drops out of formation for a second and steps on a land mine, killing him instantly. Perry is so upset by this and needs Peewee to help him talk out his feelings of grief for the loss of the friend. Peewee and Perry have a few days to rest, because they have a weekend pass and it grants them 48 hours of freedom. They go to Saigon and have a few drinks and generally have fun, before they have to report back to their unit, which is stationed in the nort hern highlands of South Vietnam. When they return, they are happy that they made good use of their weekend passes in Saigon. The next...

Juxtaposition between Mattie and Zeena in Ethan Frome Essay -- essays

According to the Microsoft Word Encarta Dictionary, juxtaposition is to place two or more things, side by side, in order to emphasize contrasts and similarities between them. Edith Wharton deliberately places the characters of Mattie Silver and Zeena Frome together in the novel Ethan Frome to compare and contrast them. Although Mattie has only recently been exposed to Starkfield, Zeena's has lived in there for seven despondent years. Wharton's intent was to make the reader accustomed to seeing Zeena and Mattie in such harsh comparison, thus making the climatic ending extremely ironic. Throughout the novel, Wharton accentuates characteristic of Zeena's and Mattie's character such as their physical appearances which creates conflict in the interactions of the women with Ethan and consequently each other, until ironically the two characters finally fuse and become one. Despite the common clichà ©, ?don?t judge a book by its cover,? you never get a second chance to make a first impression, most first impressions are derived from appearance. Edith Wharton harshly juxtaposes the appearances of Mattie and Zeena, to such an extreme that it almost seems bias. From the beginning of the novel, Zeena is depicted as an old and ?repugnant? (46) housewife. Substantial background information is not given, nor causes for her worn out and ?bloodless? (53) demeanor. ?Though she was but seven years her husband?s senior, she was already an old woman.? (53) In harsh comparison, Mattie is portrayed as a youthful, vivacious woman, yet with natural beauty. This drastic juxtaposition is black and white, with no grey areas, just the strong Mattie and the feeble Zeena. However, the colors used to describe Mattie and Zeena are not black and white, they each ... ...tie so sweet and kindhearted, was for the readers to feel sympathy for Ethan, who is in a lifelong commitment with Zeena. Wharton made the ending, when Zeena and Mattie became one, ironic, through the use of juxtaposition and creating characters with significant differences between them. Wharton possessing the skill of juxtaposition added depth and irony to the book, but when the reader realizes her underlying purpose, Ethan Frome and Mattie Silver no longer deserve the sympathy they received all book. Zeena, throughout the book, was looked at too harshly, not realizing the underlying reasons for her ugliness and depression, and deserves the readers sympathy. This book expresses many insightful accounts of the life of Ethan Frome, but it?s the ideas Wharton doesn?t mention, and the secrets she withheld from the reader that effects one?s perceptive on the characters.

Adult Education as a Profession

Adult education is a vital profession that needs full attention and thorough analysis to arrive at the best organization of lesson plans. By working towards a goal of transferring the knowledge from one individual to another, it is important to have a prior understanding on the perceived information by both parties..." data-wp-more="more" data-mce-placeholder="1">Talking about diversity, working towards attaining different knowledge of different field is important in gathering information and sharing knowledge to one another. Diversity gives an opportunity to explore areas unexplored by many.By sharing information and specializing on something unexplored by the current tradition, the curiosity of opening the chance of studying a new part of the knowledge will yield to a better understanding of the things they should know.Focusing on a specific subject would make someone an expert for that field and specialized on that branch of knowledge. Since adult education focus on the ways on tr ansferring knowledge on adults, it is important to integrate the core concept of learning to other field of education for them to have a bigger perspective on their opportunities in the world. Understanding the key elements of adult education will yield to a better perspective on the things explored by this system.Incorporating adult education with other field of education is vital for them to be able to materialize the concepts they learned while pursuing the search for higher level of education.If granted by the fact that existing knowledge had been explored through the integration of different key materials, and then the method used by other branches of education can be applied to the methods used in adult education and in result, they could get the implication of using such method in a field unfamiliar to that. By simply understanding the concept given in the search for better learning could be the best way in dealing with the methods used in adult education.While integrating ad ult education with other field of education, it is important to have a higher perspective and see the implication if focusing of adult education whether to individual or the society. Believing in the capability of adult educators and the adults, they somehow have an advantage talking about their experience.So, it is expected to them to view their daily experiences with a higher level of sociological imagination. Therefore, the primary focus of adult education should be in the society for them to further assess their environment as the battlefield of their daily experiences and interactions.They will somehow learn to manage their experiences and translate it in a universal language understood by the society itself. By opening the opportunity for the society to have an upward view of the situation, it will yield to better information gathered by them.Adult Development and LearningIt is very different to teach adult than teaching elementary. Relatively, it is easier to teach children b ecause they don’t have prior learning and the teacher could input all his or her desired knowledge that he or she wants the children should possess. By simply telling stories and ways in which the children could learn, the teacher can actually control the learning stage of the children.It is far from teaching adult people. Not only because there will be times that an adult educator could be younger than his or her students but also, talking about experiences, some of them perceived the knowledge and information they receive based on their prior perception and encoding of the information. This will give them other interpretation, far from the expected interpretation of the teacher.Experience wise, as human beings, we had already encountered many experiences in our life through our lifespan. Therefore, most of the adults being taught by the educator had prior experiences and learning that might contradict the current teachings of knowledge they received from educators. It is a great conflict between clashing of information and different knowledge because the perception of adults may be different from the actual definition of the situation.Since they have the prior opportunity of learning things, the things they may discover could alter their prior belief and may result to unbalanced definition of the scenario. That is why it is important to take into consideration the knowledge of the adult as they are being taught with new things because they may associate it with their previous information and use it as their basis.Learning is a lifetime process. It involves a lifelong situation which one is expected to pick new things as days passed for him or her to be able to use I on the next days to come. By learning new things ad information, the development of knowledge will push through as one gets older.This vital process of learning is important in processing the information with the adult because of their primary reason of associating themselves with such adu lt education. By maintaining a certain level of relationship, the primary goal of the situation, which is to teach them new information, will be beneficial to them and they can use in their everyday actions and lives.Learning process is extremely necessary for every human to attain the level of development required for one’s stage. The implication of this will make a huge impact in the sense that it will make a control over one’s personal attachment to the things he or she see as a part of his or her daily life with the people. By experiencing the level of cohesiveness despite the fact that they have different personalities, the adjustment of learning will become sufficiently enough to bind such ideas.In prioritizing the academic level of learning that should be taught to and should be learned by adult, therefore, it is vital for them to have a subjective analysis of their previous situation before starting to make any action that could affect their personal integratio n of the scenario.Technology ManagementSince the world today is trying to cope up with the fast changing modern technological advancement, different steps had been taken in order to follow these changes. Many systems had been implemented such that, they can easily cope up with the things that are too advanced for the modern world.The use of technology in education is important not only because it is a knowledge being taught but also, it is a way of an easier communication and transferring of information. By maximizing the use of technology, they could easily say and understand the things they should understand in order to attain a level of education which is for them is sufficiently enough.By using group processes that will lead to the use of technology, it is beneficial for them because they will have the opportunity to see the result and at the same time plan for the process they should make. In order for them to have a full understanding, they should be taught first of how to use and implement such technology for them to be able to use and apply it easily.After using the processes involved, the in depth analysis or evaluation should take place for them to be able to assess the things that they did and some recommendations for the process to be more effective and efficient. By doing the analysis, they could give suggestions and then further evaluate the use of technology needed in a situation. They can now apply the concepts they learn in managing and maximizing the potential of their resources such as technology.While the development of technology is now a world’s natural processes, it should be incorporated in the development of curriculum for them to be able to integrate the lessons being taught and the technology of the world. By simply giving way to the use of technology in different class situation, they can introduce the use and importance of such in the lives of the people by making an impact on how it is really important to them.Therefore, by making the things possible and approachable to many people, they had open the gateway for better understanding of the real use and importance of technology in the lives of the people and its application.Lastly, as the incorporation of technology in the processes and curriculum that will introduce its use and importance, the development of different strategies that would answer the call of modern technological advancement is needed. By having a concrete way of developing and introducing materials to the people, they could have a better understanding for them to be able to use it on their applications of the things they learn inside the technological curriculum.Analyzing and looking closely to the real needs of the students by simply looking at their capabilities and their potential, they could have a better hold on the situation and therefore would result to their learning based on the teaching goals, with the incorporation of high technology.Part IIResearch and Evaluation in Educat ionFollowing some ethical consideration, it is of utmost important to protect the welfare of the subject. Whatever the research or the study is, it is always the priority to ensure that you do not violate any human rights or even invade their privacy without their consent. To be able to do this, it is necessary to ask for informed consent to each subject and to tell them the nature of the study. They should know what it is all about, the risk that that they would encounter.By taking the consent of the human subject, they should know all the necessary things, the purpose to be able to avoid deception. There are many groups that claim it is unethical to hide the purpose of the study to the subject.Although some believe that it could alter the result, therefore, it is the responsibility of the researcher to minimize the errors and the biases. Next thing is, they should have the right to ask question or to stop anywhere in the study. They may encounter situation that they think they can ’t handle or bring a lot of stress to them.Also, it is important for them to assure the confidentiality of their identity as the human subject for them to able to say freely and to go with the research without thinking any biases or judgment from external forces.In getting consent, they should sign a paper indicating his or her approval without forcing him or her. It is important to keep that document for the researcher to be able to prove the validity of the subject and also for the protection of the research. That consent should tell the purpose, the study, the institution and also, should indicate the name of the subject and the researcher. With that, both parties should affix their signature for it a valid evidence of the study.The result of the research should be available to the subjects for them to know what they did and their actual performance. It is their primary right to know the result for them to know if there is a deception that happened. Also, debriefing is the last stage of the research.They should debrief the subjects and explain to them what happened and the tell them again the nature of the study, the purpose of gathering data for them to have an understanding and necessary information for that research.Organization and Administration of Adult Education ClassesObjectives:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To learn the function of parts of the brain- *select level*2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be able to analyze different level of thinking *select level*3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be able to learn different hormones responsible for cognitive processes *select level*The first objective can be taught through visual demonstration and the use of familiar words for them to be able to easily understand the facts and the concepts they learn.By providing instructional materials that will make them appreciate the learning and the system that were being introduced, they will have an easier understanding of the subject itself. Also, another technique in demonstrat ing the information is to use familiar pictures or associating it with familiar scenarios that demonstrate the use of every part.The second objective can be taught by simply letting them experience the concepts that lie behind different levels of thinking. By exposing them to the theories and to the concepts that is associated with it, they can devise their own way of understanding the subject and at the same time, learn the lesson.Since different levels of thinking involve an actual process, students can easily absorb the lesson if they will have the proper hands on experience for them to be able to relate the lesson in their everyday experiences.The third objective of learning can be achieved through the use of different processes that the hormone is involved and relating it to almost same process existing I the environment that is familiar to the student for them to incorporate the idea with that process. In doing that they can easily understand not only the concept but also the process itself and its importance in the cognitive thinking.Program Development Process in Adult EducationSince adult education involves the interaction between several minds with prior experiences and information, it is important to devise different strategies and activities that will culminate their knowledge and at the same time, open a possibility of discovering new branch of information that would be beneficial to every one concerned.Before the teaching process, since the transfer of information requires not only the information to be transferred but the medium in which the information will be processed, it is important to centralize the idea to fit the prior information known by the adult to be taught. This is a vital process because it will involve not only the parties concerned but also the environment in which the transfer of learning will take place.Before the desired process, proper orientation and preparation is needed to prepare the possible scenario for each parties in volved. By incorporating the core knowledge in which the processes involved are integrated, it will result to an environment suited to the exchange of knowledge.After they had been introduced to the topics presented, they should be debriefed and tell them the general perspective of the process for them to able to use the implication and the possible outcome of the process. By involving their critical analysis to the subject, it would result to an understanding of the matter.To be able to execute the desired objective of the learning process, it is important to assess at the end if there are certain information that seem to be difficult for them to comprehend or seen irrelevant to their experiences. By letting them view the difference between the prior knowledge they have and the introduced topic, it would result to a better perception and transferring of the knowledge needed.